葡萄牙航空公司（简称葡航），外文名TAP Air Portugal，IATA代码TP，ICAO代码TAP，成立于1945年3月14日，总部位于里斯本，是葡萄牙国有航空公司。主营欧洲、非洲及美洲航线，2005年加入星空联盟。现运营空客A319、A320、A321及A330系列机型，枢纽机场为里斯本温贝托·德尔加多机场。

The airline was founded on 14 March 1945, beginning commercial service on 19 September 1946 from Lisbon to Madrid under the name Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (TAP). On 31 December of that year, it began its Linha Aérea Imperial, a twelve-stop service including Luanda, Angola and Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique.

1947 saw the inauguration of its domestic service from Lisbon to Porto. Service to São Tomé and London began in 1949.

In 1953, the airline became a private company and began service to Tangier and Casablanca.

The one millionth passenger flew on TAP on 19 June 1964, 18 years after the airline began operations. In 1969 service to New York via Santa Maria Island in the Azores began. Boston was added to the New York service the following year. In 1975, TAP was nationalized, becoming a public corporation (Empresa Pública).

TAP purchased the Boeing 747 during the 1970s, replacing their Boeing 707s; but the 747s were eventually sold due to lack of demand. They were replaced by Lockheed TriStars and Airbus A310s on long haul routes. By the late 1990s TAP had expanded its fleet by selling its older Boeing 727s and Boeing 737s and had replaced them with Airbus A319, A320 and A321. The TriStars were sold to Air Luxor and were replaced by more capable Airbus A340s giving TAP a large fleet of Airbus only aircraft.

In 1989 service to Newark, New Jersey was introduced and in 1991, service to Berlin. Also in 1989 TAP became a publicly-traded company (Sociedade Anónima). In 1993, TAP began flying to Tel Aviv. In 1994, TAP began a code sharing arrangement with Delta Air Lines for north Atlantic service. This agreement was ended in 2005.

1996 saw the introduction of service to Boston via Terceira Island in the Azores, the inauguration of service to Macau and the launch of TAP's Website. In 1997, service began to Punta Cana and Bangkok. Flights to Macau and Bangkok have since been discontinued.

In 2005 TAP became the sixteenth member of the Star Alliance. TAP Air Portugal was rebranded as TAP Portugal in February 2005. It employs 9750 staff. TAP also ended its code sharing agreement with Delta Air Lines and began a new agreement with United Airlines as part of its membership in Star Alliance. Under this agreement United's code (UA) is placed on TAP's trans-atlantic flights and some African flights, and TAP's code (TP) is placed on United flights.

In 2006, it is planning to start codesharing with US Airways on all routes between Portugal and the USA and connection services out of Newark and Philadelphia.

On November 6, 2006, TAP Portugal, a member of Star Alliance, signed a contract with Espírito Santo International for the acquisition of 99.81 percent of the regional airline Portugália. Whether Portugália will join Star Alliance as a regional member or merge its operations with TAP is still unclear.

TAP Portugal has shareholdings in Air Macau (15%). TAP had in an airline from São Tomé and Príncipe, but the airline was dismantled.

2025年9月22日，银联国际与葡萄牙国家航空公司在西班牙马德里签署全面受理合作协议，葡航线上线下渠道将全面开通银联受理服务。

2025年11月26日晚，委内瑞拉政府发布政府公报，宣布正式撤销6家外国航空公司的运营特许权，理由是这些公司配合美国针对委内瑞拉的行动，单方面停飞航线。根据公报，被撤销运营许可的航空公司包括西班牙伊比利亚航空公司、葡萄牙航空公司、哥伦比亚航空公司、智利拉塔姆航空哥伦比亚分公司、土耳其航空公司以及巴西戈尔航空公司。

2025年12月，德国汉莎航空集团已正式表达参与葡萄牙航空公司私有化竞标。